• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    Fieldbus control node (1) for monitoring communication in one segment (2) of Profibus network, where the fieldbus control node comprises of Profibus interface (3), Ethernet interface (4) and Profibus master controller (5), where the Profibus master controller acts as Profibus master (6) and Profibus network tracer (7) simultaneously and the Profibus network tracer includes software logic to detect abnormal events from captured stream.
    公开号:FI20187037A1
    申请号:FI20187037
    申请日:2018-03-16
    公开日:2019-09-17
    发明作者:Pasi Nieminen；Ale Borg；Juhani Fält
    申请人:Valmet Automation Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field
    The invention relates to Profibus DP communication network used in 5 industrial automation systems. The Profibus DP is further called as Profibus.
    Background
    Profibus communication network, as described in 1EC 61158 and 1EC 10 61784 standard families, has been designed to provide real time communication between controllers and field devices. Profibus is well known network architecture and is thus not described in detail. There are plenty of patents and utility models related to Profibus of which following are mentioned.
    The EP0982641 describes a Bus interface that is capable to 15 communication Profibus protocol.
    The W0200115384 describes System and method for the transmission of information between communication participants via a field bus.
    The W0200210871 describes Network that transmits data in equidistant cycles and has a computer as plug-in module.
    The W0200228061 describes Method and device for establishing the network topology of a bus system. Here the network is accommodated with special diagnosis repeater.
    Every network may have problems. The problems can relate to software, hardware or external issues. The software problems are typically 25 misconfigurations or bad implementations of network protocols. Hardware problems relate to weak connections due to low quality connectors, weak cables or wrongly made installations. External issues are typically sporadic changes in electromagnetic environment. All these affect to the communication and may affect to the process if automation system cannot communicate correctly with 30 field devices.
    20187037 prh 16 -03- 2018
    One important phase to look for Profibus problems is during the installation of the industrial site. Typically, the installation happens during long time period and new devices are added to network segments as they arrive to the site. There can be hundreds or thousands of devices in the site and each of them 5 may cause problems to the network.
    Most common way to debug Profibus network is to have a maintenance person who physically access the Profibus network segment within the industrial site and brings a Profibus analyzer with software e.g. ProfiTrace installed in his laptop. The maintenance person detaches the Profibus network 10 terminator, attaches the analyzer connector and activates the terminator. Now the maintenance man can monitor the traffic. If the problem exists in the network segment while the analyzer is attached, it can be recorded. Otherwise no trace of the problem is caught. The current way to monitor and debug Profibus has additional drawbacks. One is the need of more complex connectors. Having 15 connectors that make 3rd party monitoring possible requires physical monitoring interfaces. Another issue is the affection of additional device in the network segment. Releasing and activating the terminator has its affect to the live network and having additional branches in the network affects to the whole network.
    There is a need to have a solution that enables long time Profibus 20 network monitoring without manual access to the network and external devices connected to the network.
    Brief description
    The present invention seeks to describe system, arrangement and 25 method for monitoring Profibus network segment.
    The device is as described in claim 1.
    The arrangement is as described in claim 6.
    The method is as described in claim 11.
    There are many advantages with the invention. Centralized analysis of all Profibus network segments in the site is possible. No manual intervention needed. Real time condition monitoring of all Profibus network segments is possible. There is no need for additional devices for network monitoring.
    List of drawings
    Example embodiments of the present invention are described below, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
    Figure 1 shows a Fieldbus control node;
    and
    Figure 2 shows an arrangement of the invention;
    and
    Figure 3 shows the method of the invention;
    and
    Figure 4 shows output waveform;
    and
    Figure 5 shows transmitted bit cell jitter.
    20187037 prh 16 -03- 2018
    Description of embodiments
    The invention shows a device, arrangement and method that is used to 25 monitor Profibus network. The invention is designed to be used in industrial facility with at least one Profibus network segment.
    A Profibus segment 2 comprises of one or more slaves connected together with Profibus cable. The cable is a copper cable (RS-485). Each segment is managed by Profibus master 6 that dictates the communication slots. A fieldbus 30 control node 1 combines Profibus master, Profibus interface 3 that provides line
    20187037 prh 16 -03- 2018 interface 12 to Profibus cable and Ethernet interface 4 that provides connection to other networks. In the invention, the Profibus master is packaged together with Profibus network tracer 7 into Profibus master controller 5.
    Profibus network tracer is software that is configured to passively 5 listen and capture the Profibus network communication and process the stream. The stream can be captured directly from the same point where the Profibus master communicates. This enables identical visibility to the Profibus network as the Profibus master has. The Profibus network tracer listens to the Profibus network communication but also all other bits that can be seen on the line. The 10 stream may be temporarily stored into memory to grab longer period of communication for sampling and analysis. However, this period is only 1-60 seconds. The time-period can be parameterized. The software logic can be configured to look for certain structures from the stream. The following list of structures is only for example: transmit retries, station lost, illegal responses to 15 requests, message timing errors, collisions, invalid input/output sizes. These may also be called abnormal events. The abnormal events can be described with predefined rules that express the timings and bits that express the event. The rules are stored within the tracer software and can be updated with software update means.
    When the Profibus network tracer detects any of abnormal events it can save a sample of the network stream where the event was detected. The sample may include network traffic before and after the detected event. This sample can be saved to an integrated store 8 within the Profibus master controller such as non-volatile memory or memory card. The sample can also be saved to any storage in the network 29 that is accessible using Ethernet connection. There can be a local network storage 24 or external network storage 25, such as cloud storage.
    The Profibus network tracer may also have means to stream onward the monitored network traffic. This stream is packaged into Internet Protocol 30 packets and led through Ethernet interface 4 to network 29. A stored configuration may dictate a local or remote storage (24,25) server that is listening for the stream or the stream may be queried ad-hoc to any computer (27,28) in the network.
    20187037 prh 16 -03- 2018
    The fieldbus control node may also include capabilities to listen for the analog raw signal 200 quality. For this a waveform sampler 11 that digitizes the 5 raw signal is needed to listen directly the output connector 13 of the Profibus line interface 12. The digitization must be done in such a sample rate that the further analyzing is possible. A good sample rate is higher than lOx bitrate, more preferably 20x bitrate or higher. Additionally, an integrated signal analyzer that is connected with waveform sampler is needed within Profibus network tracer. This 10 approach enables detection of bad signal quality that may affect to different problems in Profibus communication. There can be different tolerance levels for acceptable waveforms. If tolerances are not met, an abnormal event is detected.
    The required tolerances are described in detail with IEC 61158-2 standard. The important target is to confirm that the signal 200 is within the 15 envelope 202. The signal can be analyzed using samples of one bit 204 length or samples with multitude of bits. The analysis may measure e.g. 1 bit time 204, positive 210 and negative 212 amplitudes, droop and overshooting 214, rise 216 and fall 218 times. Variations from standard may reveal malfunctioning devices or cabling problems. High frequency ripple within droop and overshooting may 20 reveal external EMI (Electro Magnetic Interference) close to the Profibus cabling. The analyzer may also measure if the signal Voltage is biased 310 from standard signal level VSB. This may reveal bad cabling, wrong termination or grounding of signal cables. Looking for the waveform may also show change with timing so that the signal approaches negative 312 or positive 314 jitter limits. Especially if slow 25 drift towards either limit can be detected it can provide early alarming for network condition monitoring.
    The digitized analog signal may also be streamed onward. The stream is packaged into Internet Protocol packets and led through Ethernet interface 4 to network 29. The stream may be queried ad-hoc to any computer (27,28) in the 30 network. The stream may be shown as real-time oscilloscope view on the computer.
    20187037 prh 16 -03- 2018
    In one embodiment, the Profibus network tracer is making condition monitoring of Profibus network segment by detecting bits or other sporadic signals on the network while there should not be any communication allowed by the Profibus master. These can reveal additional Profibus masters on line or 5 malfunctioning devices. These may also reveal high electric inductions on cable.
    The fieldbus control node 1 can be part of larger arrangement. The arrangement where one or more fieldbus control nodes or any other 10 control nodes are connected together with a controller 23 using Ethernet network switch 22 as a communication node is called 10-group 21. This arrangement can be a 10 part of larger automation system 20 where higher-level controllers, alarm stations, different databases, GUI’s and configuration managers reside. All these are connected together by a network 29. There can also be maintenance system 30 connected to the network. The automation system or maintenance system may receive notifications from Profibus network tracer after detected abnormal 15 events. These notifications may be minor - log level - notes or alarms depending on detected event. The automation system or maintenance system may also receive detailed measurements from signal analyzer. These information may be combined to show the signal quality of the Profibus network.
    There may be processing capacity 26 that is connected to the network 20 29 and available to run software for further analysis of locally or remotely stored Profibus network traffic or samples. The processing capacity can be dedicated server, virtual server or shared server resource. It may run a software tool that can access the local or remote storage 24, 25 and read the stored traffic or samples. The software may look for certain structures for finding known 25 abnormal events or it may look for similarities between abnormal events to grow database of different fingerprints of abnormal events. The software may also sort different abnormal events depending on requested criterion. The software may also group events coming from different Profibus network segments. This enables wider view on one facility or even group of facilities. The software may also rate 30 the abnormal events so that critical events can be easily found. The rating can be done by pre-defined rules, or by learning new rules based on user or automatic classification of events.
    In one embodiment, the local or remote computer 27, 28 access via the network 29 and Ethernet interface 4 to a Profibus network tracer and activates 5 online monitoring of Profibus network segment. The Profibus network tracer activates the onward streaming and provides a live stream to the computer. The computer has software that enables view of the stream.
    In another embodiment, the Profibus master and Profibus network tracer are built as one or more FPGA circuits 9. The same FPGA may also 10 accommodate logic needed for Ethernet connection. The Profibus master and Profibus tracer may also be built as ASIC circuit or pure software solutions that are run in generic processor such as ARMv7.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1] Claims
    20187037 prh 16 -03- 2018
    1. Fieldbus control node (1) for monitoring communication in one segment (2) of Profibus network, where the fieldbus control node comprises of Profibus interface (3), Ethernet interface (4) and Profibus master controller (5),
    5 characterized by that the Profibus master controller acts as Profibus master (6) and Profibus network tracer (7) simultaneously and the Profibus network tracer includes software logic to detect abnormal events from captured stream.
    [2] 2. The device as claimed in 1, further comprising: the Profibus master 10 (6) and Profibus network tracer (7) are built as one or more FPGA circuits (9).
    [3] 3. The device as claimed in 1, further comprising: the Profibus master controller (5) comprises an integrated store (8) to save samples from abnormal events detected from captured stream.
    [4] 4. The device as claimed in 1, further comprising: the Profibus master 15 controller (5) has means to stream onward captured Profibus stream through
    Ethernet interface (4).
    [5] 5. The device as claimed in 1, further comprising: there is an integrated signal analyzer within Profibus network tracer (7) that receives signal through analog waveform sampler (11) that is connected from the other end to
    20 Profibus line interface (12) output connector (13).
    [6] 6. An arrangement for monitoring one segment (2) of Profibus communication network, where the arrangement comprises of automation system (20) that has at least one 10-group (21), that has at least one network switch (22), controller (23) and fieldbus control node (1) and were the fieldbus
    25 control node comprises of Profibus master controller (5) and Profibus interface (3), characterized by that the said Profibus master controller has capability to monitor and detect abnormal events from the Profibus network segment connected via Profibus interface while acting as Profibus master.
    20187037 prh 16 -03- 2018
    [7] 7. An arrangement as claimed in 6, further comprising: there is local (24) or remote (25) storage connected via Ethernet interface (4) to the Profib us master controller (5) where the Profibus network tracer (7) stores samples of detected abnormal events.
    5
    [8] 8. An arrangement as claimed in 6, further comprising: there is local (24) or remote (25) storage connected via Ethernet interface (4) to the Profibus master controller (5) where the Profibus network tracer (7) can store the Profibus network traffic.
    [9] 9. An arrangement as claimed in 7 or 8, further comprising: there is 10 processing capacity (26) in local or remote network (29) with software capable to find, sort, group, rate and report abnormal events from stored Profibus network traffic.
    [10] 10. An arrangement as claimed in 6, further comprising: there is local (27) or remote (28) computer connected to network (29) that has access to
    15 Fieldbus control node (1) through Ethernet interface (4) and said computer is capable to view Profibus network traffic streamed by Profibus network tracer.
    [11] 11. A method for monitoring communication of one segment of Profibus network (2) located in industrial facility, characterized by that the method comprises of
    20 listening (100) of Profibus network traffic with Profibus network tracer (7) that is integrated within Profibus master controller (5) temporarily storing (101) the listened traffic into Profibus network tracers’ memory detecting (102) of abnormal events with the Profibus network tracer 25 by comparing the temporarily stored traffic with pre-defined rules and, saving (103) a sample that shows the previously detected event to integrated (8), local (24) or remote (25) storage notifying (104) automation (20) or maintenance (30) system about the detected abnormal event.
    [12] 12. The method as claimed in 11, further comprising: using integrated signal analyzer in Profibus network tracer (7) to detect abnormal events from bad signal quality of digitized signal coming through analog waveform sampler (11) from Profibus line interface (12) output connector (
    [13] 13).
    5 13. The method as claimed in 11, further comprising: condition monitoring the Profibus network segment (2) by listening the network while no transmission occurs and detecting sporadic signals.
    [14] 14. The method as claimed in 11, further comprising: sorting, grouping, rating and reporting samples recorded into local (24) or remote (25)
    10 storage using processing capacity (26) in local or remote network (29) respectively.
    [15] 15. The method as claimed in 11, further comprising: accessing the fieldbus control node (1) remotely from a computer (27, 28) on the network (29) for online monitoring of the Profibus network segment.
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